A tribunal established at the request of the Philippines is currently holding hearings at The Hague to examine its jurisdiction in the South China Sea Arbitration (the Philippines v. China).

Previously the Chinese government has declared its policy of not accepting or participating in the proceedings and published the Position Paper of the Government of the People's Republic of China on the Matter of Jurisdiction in the South China Sea Arbitration Initiated by the Republic of the Philippines on Dec 7, 2014 to elaborate its position that the Tribunal manifestly has no jurisdiction.

For a long time a dispute has existed between the Philippines and China in the South China Sea in respect of sovereignty over some islands and certain delimitation matters. The Philippines unilaterally initiated in 2013 compulsory arbitration against China on the basis of Part XV of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). It "skilfully" fragments the dispute with China into various free-standing-appearing entitlement claims, which are pre-delimitation matters, and activities claims, which are post-delimitation matters, while steadfastly avoiding sovereignty and delimitation. Its Statement of Claim presents 10 claims in this fashion, trying to bring the dispute under the application and interpretation of UNCLOS. However "skillful", the Philippines' fragmentation magic cannot conceal the sovereignty-delimitation nature of the dispute.