A recent JPMorgan report recommended that Chinese firms raise external equity and improve operational efficiency to rebalance their long-term capital structures.

The report, released on Wednesday, found that Chinese firms are some 50 percent more leveraged than their global counterparts. These companies have only a third or less of their debt in the form of bonds, compared with firms in the other global markets that have 80 to 90 percent of their debt in bonds. A greater reliance on loans may be restrictive in terms of market capacity, tenor and covenants, although loans are often associated with lower interest rates.

Moreover, Chinese firms have a lot more short-term debt than their global peers. The weighted average debt maturity is 1.9 years for firms listed in Shanghai and Shenzhen versus about nine years for large US firms.

"Short-term debt compared with the long-term is more likely to be exposed to refinancing risk and similar liquidity issues. If you believe that the western approach at the moment is appropriate, then you would definitely want to equitize to a greater extent in a number of industries. That means the debt-to-equity swap may be one option, or the only one, they have available," said Marc Zenner, global co-head of JPMorgan's Corporate Finance Advisory.

To bring their balance sheets in line with global peers, Chinese firms might need to raise more than 5 trillion yuan ($751 billion) - about 17 percent of their market capitalization - in equity to deleverage, and issue more than 5 trillion yuan of bonds to reduce their reliance on loans, as well as to extend debt maturities, the report said.

Another noteworthy point is the Chinese firms currently have lower return-on-equity, a measure of profitability, than their global peers. In China, ROEs have fallen by roughly one third in the past four years, compared with more modest declines of about 15 percent in the US and Germany.

The report advised Chinese firms to enhance operational efficiency to achieve lower leverage and to generate sufficient cash flow so that more long-term growth can be financed through internal equity.

jiangxueqing@chinadaily.com.cn