The pollution movement has not been given enough attention, as the focus has been on the economic development of the underdeveloped regions. There have been several major cases in recent years in which enterprises have moved highly polluting plants inland in the name of developing the local economy.

China has been a victim of the international transfer of pollution, as polluting production has accompanied foreign investment in China in the past decades. It is part of the strategy by which international enterprises use the developing world as a "pollution haven" to accommodate their pollution-causing capacities. China must not allow its domestic enterprises to adopt the same approach.

The pollution transfer inland is especially harmful since the central and western regions are ecologically more vulnerable compared with the east coast. Once damage is done, it may take much more time to restore the health of the environment.

For policymakers in the less-developed central and western regions, it is a real dilemma to balance economic growth and environmental protection. In reality, however, economic growth has often had the upper hand, because it contributes to the career performance of officials even if the local environment is damaged.

The career assessment rule for officials, therefore, must be revamped so that environmental protection has a significant weighting.

People's right to know, meanwhile, must be respected so that local people can participate in the supervision of economic development projects that might have an impact on the local environment. Growing social discontent in some places in recent years shows that people's right to know is yet to be fully respected, a fact that could facilitate undesirable environment-related decision-making.

At the same time, as the nation embraced its first Low-Carbon Day on Monday, it should learn from the successful practices in global and domestic carbon trade to build a nationwide market-oriented environmental compensation system. Such a system will mean enterprises whose economic activities harm the environment have to pay to repair the damage they have caused.