In his interactions with world leaders, Xi has at times given books as gifts, particularly to those who share his passion for reading and literature, such as French President Emmanuel Macron.

In May 2024, during Xi's third state visit to France, the Chinese leader presented a selection of classic French novels in Chinese translation to Macron, including "Ninety-Three," "Madame Bovary" and "The Red and the Black." In return, Macron gave Xi an antique edition of "Les Contemplations" by Victor Hugo, a French author whose works Xi enjoys reading.

As representatives of Eastern and Western civilizations, China and France should respect each other, exchange with and learn from each other, Xi told Macron.

In Xi's eyes, exchanges and mutual learning between civilizations can serve as a bridge of friendship among peoples, a driving force for human progress, and a strong bond for world peace.

And through exchanges, Xi argued, "we need to encourage different civilizations to respect each other and live together in harmony."